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Access the most relevant reports on climate change organized by world, European or Spanish level.

06/27/24
When the design of climate policy finds public acceptance.
Through simulations, it can be seen that even minimal peer pressure has a positive impact on people’s inclination towards ecological behaviors. Moreover, assuming uniform self-efficacy across society leads to an overestimation of the acceptance of green policies. The results obtained...
05/24/24
Sustainable financing for SMEs in Spain.
Despite the fact that SMEs are not yet required to submit the sustainability information report, they are not exempt from the obligations set by the CSRD, largely due to the fact that ESRS affect not only the activities of the...
05/22/24
Collective Self-Consumption Guide.
In recent years there has been a great increase in self-consumption, mainly in individual installations. However, collective self-consumption plays a key role in the development of self-consumption. This guide presents the main information when dealing with a collective self-consumption installation,...
05/21/24
Practical guide for companies in the new environmental context.
In the case of full-cycle activities, the use of “one-size-fits-all” criteria clashes with the diversity of local circumstances. The risk is that those entities that operate systems with more unfavorable geographical conditions or that already have a high level of...
05/21/24
Report on the CNMV's supervision of non-financial information for the 2022 financial year and main areas of review for the following year.
Of the 126 issuers that submitted consolidated accounts, 102 were required to include the NFRS in their management report (and of these, 89 were required to include taxonomy information). No issuers presented qualifications in the NFR verification report. Virtually all...
05/15/24
Report on the Draft Law regulating the Corporate Reporting Framework on environmental, social and governance issues.
Both the reinforcement of the information that companies must offer and the improvement of verification systems should allow the rest of the market players to make decisions with less risk. These measures will create an incentive for companies to redouble...
03/20/24
Analysis of the verification reports of the statement of non-financial information issued in the years 2018 to 2022 and other aspects of the verification.
The objectives of this document are: to provide an overview of the main verification standards, to carry out a market study for the verification of the NFR, to study the verification standards applied and the level of assurance, to study...
02/27/24
Photovoltaic Yearbook 2023-24.
The study looks at the situation of the sector at global, European and national level. It addresses the situation of the sector at the state level with data such as the historical record of renewable production and the new remuneration...
02/22/24
Support standards for ESG reporting.
The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive imposes reporting obligations on organizations that represent an opportunity, but at the same time a workload that presents significant challenges. The need to demonstrate the sustainability of the organization transcends the direct scope of application...
02/20/24
Sustainable financing in Spain
The sustainable finance market continued to grow in 2023 and continues its consolidation process. Green bonds continue to be the benchmark, followed by sustainable bonds, social bonds and finally SLBs, the newest instrument, while issuances continue to be very focused...
02/15/24
Financial Disclosure Observatory
Until recently, it was possible for companies to ignore the impact of their activities on nature, but the cost of ignoring natural hazards is growing rapidly, and, the pieces that could enable this to happen are being rapidly implemented, as...
01/29/24
Minerals for the energy and digital transition in Spain.
This research analyses the mineral consequences of energy and digital transition plans, assessing the impact that different recycling, circular economy and sufficiency measures could have on reducing demand and primary extraction requirements, focusing on 10 groups of metals and six...