5 conclusions from the eventful climate summit in Brazil, which ended without mention of fossil fuels

In the three decades that these annual meetings, which seek to forge a global consensus on how to avoid and manage global warming, have been held, this will be remembered as one of the most divisive. Many countries were outraged when COP30 in Belém, Brazil, ended on Saturday without even mentioning the fossil fuels that have warmed the atmosphere.

This sparked protests from delegations such as Colombia, which even led to the temporary suspension of the closing plenary session on the grounds that their objections to the agreement had not been heard.

But other nations – particularly those that have the most to gain from their continued production – felt vindicated. The summit turned out to be a reality check on how much the global consensus on what to do about climate change has collapsed. Here are 5 key takeaways from what some have called the “COP of truth.”

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