We continue to close the data series initiated with the Kyoto Protocol and continue with the new 2021-2030 cycle defined in the Paris Agreement.
The year 2023 is part of the post-pandemic economic normalization and geopolitical conflicts that remain on the international agenda. As usual, the report follows the line and structure set out in previous studies in the analysis of global energy emissions, European emissions and Spanish emissions, presenting the most recent data officially published in the different international organisations at the time of preparation of the report. By the time this report is published, new data will certainly have been published and will be covered in the next report.
In this edition, the data presented correspond to the years 2021, from the perspective of global energy emissions, European, general and Spanish emissions, as well as to 2022, from the perspective of European and Spanish emissions subject to the European Directive. In the case of emissions auctions, data are presented up to the end of 2023. We must comment that, for consistency and due to the unavailability of some data, it has been decided to maintain some European data already published in the previous report.
The source of the global emissions presented in the document are those published by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and correspond to energy and stealth emissions from fossil fuels by countries and geographical areas. Other production emissions such as in the case of the cement or lime industry, as well as emissions from combustion in landfills and emissions from digestive processes in animals and crop degradation, are excluded from the scope.
The data on the auctions and the emission permit market have been collected until the end of 2023, being the closest information published of all. The official data sources are the European Energy Exchange AG (EEX) for all European countries.
Continuing with our methodology, the data on total emissions for Europe and Spain have used the time series published by the European Environment Agency (EEA) as well as by the Ministry of Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge. As for the European and Spanish emissions that are subject to the Directive, the data source used has been the latest publications made by the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS).
In order to complete the analysis, the databases of the National Institute of Statistics (INE) and the European Statistical Office (Eurostat) have also been used as auxiliary data support.
We continue to remind the reader of the fact that the official methodology for accounting for emissions in Europe and Spain focuses on the imputation of emissions at the place of origin, without taking into account the imputation of emissions at the point of use of the products or services produced.
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