Harnessing the potential of the transition to the circular economy in energy-intensive industries.

The study focuses on the steel, aluminum, cement, concrete, and plastic industries, which are major GHG emitters. They account for approximately 44% of emissions and contribute to air pollution, increasing levels of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. However, they also provide the foundations for a wide range of strategic processing industries and contribute to the EU’s autonomy and competitiveness.