The year 2025 has been the third hottest year ever recorded

More than 70 scientists from 56 institutions in 17 countries, including the lead authors of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), have produced a fourth update of key indicators of the state of the climate system. Global greenhouse gas emissions were at an all-time high and 2025 was the third hottest year ever recorded, which experts say is consistent with the level of human-caused warming the world has experienced.

An international group of more than 70 scientists from 56 institutions in 17 countries, including the lead authors of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), has produced a fourth update of the key indicators of the state of the climate system set out in the IPCC’s AR6 assessment, building on previous editions in 2023, 2024 and 2025. The work focuses on indicators related to climate system warming, starting from greenhouse gas emissions to arrive at estimates of anthropogenic warming and the remaining carbon budget for 1.5°C and other policy-relevant temperature thresholds.

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