Once again, we update the emissions data based on the 2021-2030 cycle defined in the Paris Agreement, as well as the historical data from the Kyoto Protocol, which allows us to see a broad historical evolution of emissions.
As usual, the report follows the line and structure set out in previous studies in the analysis of global energy emissions, European emissions and Spanish emissions, presenting the most recent data officially published in the different international organisations at the time of preparation of the report. By the time this report is published, new data will certainly have already been published and will be covered in the next report.
In this edition, the data presented correspond to the years 2023 from the perspective of global energy emissions, general European and Spanish emissions, as well as 2024 from the perspective of European and Spanish emissions subject to the Directive. In the case of emissions auctions, data for the year 2025 are presented.
An important novelty this year is the inclusion in the report of the maritime sector, a new entrant in the ETS system, with verifications this year 2024. Taking advantage of this circumstance, a new territorial grouping called “International” has been defined, where all the data of the aviation facilities and the maritime sector that are assigned to Spain for accountability and reporting have been transferred.
It should also be noted that, at the time of writing this report, there was no emission verification data for Ceuta, so it has not been possible to incorporate its balance sheet information this year.
The source of the global emissions presented in the document are those published by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and correspond to energy and stealth emissions from fossil fuels by countries and geographical areas. Other production emissions are excluded from the scope, such as in the case of the cement or lime industry, as well as emissions from combustion in landfills and emissions from digestive processes in animals and crop degradation.
The data on the auctions and the emission permit market have been collected until the end of 2025, being the closest published information of all. The official data sources are the European Energy Exchange AG (EEX) for the European Energy Exchange AG (EEX) for the European Energy Exchange AG (EEX)
Continuing with our methodology, the data on total emissions from Europe and Spain have been used from the time series published by the European Environment Agency (EEA) as well as by the Ministry of Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge. With regard to European and Spanish emissions that are subject to the Directive, the data source used has been the latest publications made by the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS).
In order to complete the analysis, the databases of the National Institute of Statistics (INE) and the European Statistical Office (Eurostat) have also been used as auxiliary data support.
We continue to remind the reader of the fact that the official methodology for accounting for emissions in Europe and Spain focuses on the imputation of emissions at the place of origin, without taking into account the imputation of emissions at the point of use of the products or services produced.
